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- Lamaze Childbirth Method
- Grantly Dick-Read Childbirth Method
- Leboyer Childbirth Method
- Bradley Childbirth Method
| Posted: 02 Nov 2010 08:20 PM PDT
Lamaze Childbirth Method Definition Lamaze method is a prepared labor and delivery technique. It is often called psychoprophylactic method as it uses the mind (psyche) to prevent labor pains (prophylaxis). History Lamaze childbirth method is an alternative to the use of medical intervention during childbirth. The method was originally developed in Russia (based on Pavlov's conditioning studies) but was popularized by a French obstetrician Dr. Ferdinand Lamaze. After watching a woman gave birth in Russia Dr. Lamaze developed his own system of painless childbirth. Theory The Lamaze method of prepared childbirth is based on the gating control theory of pain relief. It involves concentration and conditioning to help the woman respond to contractions with relaxation from techniques thereby alleviating pain. This is based on the theory that through stimulus-response conditioning, women can learn to use controlled breathing to reduce the pain in the labor. Lamaze method is the most popular approach used to today. Techniques and Methods Gating Control Theory of Pain The gating theory of pain refers to gate control mechanisms in the substantia gelatinosa that has the ability to stop an impulse at the level of the spinal cord so the never would not reach the brain as pain. This process is similar to that of closing a gate. The following techniques are used to assist gating mechanism:
This technique involves:
An impulse cannot register in the brain if it is distracted. Techniques of distraction are as follows:
Concepts stressed in Lamaze method
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| Grantly Dick-Read Childbirth Method Posted: 02 Nov 2010 05:16 PM PDT
Grantly Dick-Read Childbirth Method Overview Childbirth education classes allow expectant mothers to spend time with other pregnant women who are experiencing the same fears and discomforts for the upcoming labor and delivery. Nowadays, couples are attending specific types of childbirth education classes for several reasons. One of these is to prepare themselves for labor and delivery. Others are just tagged by friends and there are some who are just joining the sessions because they know they have to. To sum it up, people are joining childbirth education classes because they want become oriented about the upcoming event in their lives (labor and delivery) and they want to make the moment as a much as possible comfortable and valuable both for the newborn and the mother herself. There are different theories governing the childbirth methods. All of these techniques help expectant couples to anticipate and prepare for what to expect during labor and delivery. Though the theories are different all the childbirth methods are promoting comfort and relaxation to the mothers and newborns making the event a less stressful and fulfilling experience. Definition Grantly Dick-read Method is a psychophysiological preparation for childbirth. This technique alleviates pain during childbirth by blocking feelings of fear and tension. History Dr. Grantly Dick-Read is an English obstetrician who was practicing medicine in 1900's. To alleviate pain during childbirth Dr. Dick-Read was administering chloroform (generally given routine in those times during the last stage of labor) to women. One woman whom Dr. Dick-Read handled refused chloroform for pain relief. After this woman gave birth, the gynecologist's curiosity led him to ask why she had not accepted the drug. The woman responded that it did not hurt since delivery was not meant to injure and hurt women. The woman's experience of a painless delivery without taking chloroform led Dr. Grantly Dick-Read to study and observe about childbirth in natural process. He wrote these observations and data in a manuscript entitled, "Natural childbirth." His work brought personal and professional ridicule, but that did not stop him from sharing his thoughts and beliefs. On 1933 his book, "Childbirth without Fear," was published. He explained in this publication that no physiological function in a person's body can give rise to pain under the condition that it is of normal course of health. Unless a disease process is taking place, pain or agony would associate delivery. Theory Women who had been prepared for childbirth still experience pain because of fears associated with the event. Dr. Dick-Read postulated that this fear felt by women during delivery causes the blood to be carried away from the uterus to be used by the muscles needing it due to perceived pain. This results to an unoxygenated uterus which would be unable to perform its function well leading to pain, a phenomenon called "the fear-tension-pain syndrome." Dick-Read believed that presence of fear and tension result to labor pains. Thus, eliminating fear would increase blood supply to the uterus and alleviating labor pains. He also identified that laboring women needed constant emotional support to help them cope. Technique To prevent the fear-tension-pain cycle Dick-Read developed a method of slow abdominal breathing in the early stage of labor and rapid chest breathing in the latter stage. A woman should break the chain of events occurring (between fear and tension or tension and pain) to reduce the pain during contractions. Relaxation, comfort and minimal pain are achieved only if the woman focuses on abdominal breathing during contractions. Related posts: | ||||
| Posted: 02 Nov 2010 04:14 PM PDT
LeBoyer Childbirth Method Childbirth education is an essential part of a successful, safe and comfortable delivery. Although all methods of childbirth education utilize different techniques they all contribute to promoting comfort during childbirth. Definition Leboyer childbirth method sometimes termed as "birth without violence," views birth as a stressful experience for the newborn. The focus of this method is to primarily improve the quality of the birth experience for the baby. History Leboyer childbirth method was introduced by Frederick Leboyer. He is a French obstetrician who believed that the traditional hospital births of the time (1975) were traumatic for the infant. In 1975, he published a book entitled "Birth without Violence," where depth of a newborn's sensitivity and the importance of how the baby is handled by the people around him were emphasized. He pointed out that babies born in a less stressful environment were more content. Leboyer postulated that moving from a warm, fluid-filled intrauterine environment to a noisy, air-filled, brightly lit extrauterine environment creates a major distress to the newborn. He believed that holding a newborn upside down at birth and cutting his/her cord immediately from the mother is not beneficial to the baby. In his view, the newborns' senses are intact at birth and intense sensations at birth such as by slapping the baby's buttocks are vividly perceived. He emphasized that a sensitive, unobtrusive technique of care, respecting the natural process and promoting a peaceful atmosphere at birth will help the baby to be born with a minimum stress. Leboyer Method or Technique Leboyer childhood method or "birth without violence," creates an environment of serenity and peacefulness. To decrease the trauma at birth this technique is an advocate of the following:
Since fewer drugs are given to the mother during delivery with this method babies are typically more alert and need less invasive measures to help them breathe. Opponents to Leboyer Method Some neonatologists are questioning the principle of warm bath because doing so can reduce spontaneous respiration and allows a high level of acidosis can occur. Cutting of the cod until it stops pulsating can lead to excess RBC in the neonate's circulatory system that could lead to extra blood viscosity and increased risk of jaundice. Related posts: | ||||
| Posted: 02 Nov 2010 04:12 PM PDT
Bradley Childbirth Method Definition Bradley childbirth method was the first technique to include the father as a support person during delivery. This method embraces the belief that childbirth is a natural event and with the right preparation most women can have spontaneous and unmedicated vaginal births. History Bradley Method was named after an American obstetrician Dr. Robert Bradley. "Husband Coached Childbirth," was written by Dr. Bradley and his principles and theories paved the way for fathers to be present in the delivery room. This changed the face of childbirth around the globe. Theory Dr. Robert Bradley believed that birth is a joyful natural process and women can handle it without drugs or medical interventions. He is also an advocate to the idea that husbands are vital factors in the birthing process and early newborn period. Aside from avoiding all medications and other interventions, relaxation techniques such as abdominal breathing and breath control is taught usually for 12 weeks. Techniques and Methods During pregnancy, a woman performs exercises to tone the muscles and omit if not minimize foods that contains preservatives, fats and salt. She should also takes early birth classes followed by weekly sessions on the sixth month until birth. The husband should actively participate during these sessions and in delivery. Throughout labor, the woman is advised to walk and use an internal focus point as a dissociation technique. Relaxation and natural breathing techniques are also employed at this point. However, there is no patterned breathing with this method. The women are just taught to breathe deeply within their abdomen. After delivery, immediate maternal-newborn bonding is promoted and breastfeeding is encouraged. Still the husband is actively participating up to this time. Bradley Method Class The Bradley program lasts for about 12 weeks. The philosophy of this method believes that it takes months to prepare the couple not only for childbirth but also for parenting. It takes pride in addressing all aspects of natural childbirth (mentally, physically and emotionally). The course is an advocate on educating the husbands to be an effective coach to their wives. The following concepts are taught in Bradley Classes:
The physiology of labor and delivery is discussed in one of the sessions with emphasis on making the expectant mothers to believe that birth can be a joyful and natural process without drug administration and medical interventions. Related posts: |
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