PHILIPPINE NURSE |  |
- Jobless in Jeddah: 200 unpaid Pinoys seek help
- INFLUENZA, FLU
- STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS
- DIPHTHERIA
- PERTUSSIS, TUSPIRINA
- CORYZA, COMMON COLDS, ACUTE VIRAL RHINITIS
| Jobless in Jeddah: 200 unpaid Pinoys seek help Posted: 05 Jun 2010 02:04 PM PDT |
| Posted: 05 Jun 2010 12:56 PM PDT INFLUENZA Flu (trangkaso) Highly contagious disease characterized by sudden onset of aches and pains. Causative Agent: Influenza virus A,B,C Modes of Transmission: droplet infection contact with nasoparyngeal secretions Incubation Period: 18 – 36 hrs Signs and Symptoms: 1. Respiratory – most common may lead to pneumonia end empyema Fever Chills Coryza Bitter taste Anorexia Muscle pains and aches Sore throat Pain behind the eyeballs 2. Intestinal Vomiting Fever Severe diarrhea Severe abdominal pain Obstinate constipation 3. Nervousness Headache Fever Arthralgia Myalgia – lead to encephalitis or meningitis Nursing Care: Rest Increase fluid intake Well balanced nutrition diet Warm saline gargle Cover nose and mouth when coughing, sneezing Prevention: Avoid MOT Maintain optimum health Immunization – influenza vaccine Educate re-hazard form spitting, sneezing & coughing. 
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| Posted: 05 Jun 2010 12:45 PM PDT STREPTOCOCCAL SORE THROAT Group A streptococcus or Strep A. secrete 70+ variety of enzymes or toxins common to abusing voice Causative Agent: Group A beta hemolytic Streptococcus Modes of Transmission: Droplet Direct contact – discharges form respiratory passages; saliva Signs and Symptoms: sudden onset high-grade fever, rapid pulse, chills enlarge, tender cervical lymph nodes inflamed tonsils with whitish muco-purulent exudates headache, abdominal pain beefy red throat Diagnostic Exam: throat culture – det strep throat to a patient throat swab – det antigen Nursing Care: bedrest, no sweets oral hygiene with oral antiseptic or with saline gargle, saline solution – 1 glass lukewarm water + 1 tsp rocksalt taken 3 - 4x a day Prevention: Avoid MOT Complications: Rheumatic Heart Disease Acute Glomerulonephritis Treatment: Erythromycin – oral 10 days Single shot IM Benzathine (Penicillin) 1.2 MU single dose (adult) 
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| Posted: 05 Jun 2010 12:45 PM PDT DIPHTHERIA acute contagious disease characterized by general toxemia emanating from localized inflammatory process characterized by the formation of "pseudomembrane" commonly in the face area & tonsils, & the elaboration of a powerful exotoxin affecting the impt. viscera as the heart & kidneys & the peripheral nervous system. Causative Agent: Corynebacterium diphtheriae or Klebs Loffler bacillus Modes of Transmission: Direct contact – discharges form respiratory passages; saliva Indirect contact – though various articles including toys & clothing contaminated by infected individual Incubation period: 1 to 7 days Signs and Symptoms: Nasal dryness & excoration of upper lip & nares with serosanguinous secretions presence of pseudomembrane in nasal system. Pharyngeal pseudomembrane on throat (oropharynx) bull neck appearance Laryngeal Laryngeal stridor – harsh sound heard on inspiration Hoarseness of voice leading to aphonia (no voice) reversible Signs of respiratory distress Cutaneous or extra pulmonary spread of causative agent outside of respiratory tract (ears, eyes, wound) Diagnostic Exam: Nose & throat culture – there must be 3 consecutive (-) result Schick's test – det susceptibility & immunity to diphtheria. Molony test – det hypersensitivity to diphtheria anti-toxin Treatment: Drugs – (ADS) anti-diphtheria serum à to neutralize toxins = IM, IV ANST Antibiotics – Penicillin G. Sodium, Eythromycin to kill the causative agent Supportive O2 inhalation Tracheostomy Suction secretions Nursing Care: TSB for fever Provide liquid to soft diet with minimal CHON & sufficient CHO Strict isolation CBR – no early ambulation Increase fluid intake Small frequent feedings Maintain patent airway Proper disposal of naso-pharyngeal secretions Diversional activities to children Complications: Myocarditis – dec apical pulse < 60 lead to cardiac arrest. Peripheral neuritis Broncho pneumonia Prevention: Avoid MOT Immunization – DPT 0.5cc IM – vastus lateralis given at the same time with OPV 6,10,14 wks after DPT don't massage to prevent lump forming put hot moist compress if with lump formation expect fever within 24 hrs -- give Paracetamol q4hours for 24 hours check patient's temp before giving DPT don't give succeeding doses if patient experienced convulsion 
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| Posted: 05 Jun 2010 12:45 PM PDT PERTUSSIS whooping cough, one hundred day cough, Tuspirina contagious disease characterized by peculiar paroxysmal cough ending in a whoop prolong cough 5 – 10 mins. 20 to 40 times a day Causative Agent: Bordetella pertussis – aerobic Mode of Transmission: Nasopharyngeal secretion Signs and Symptoms: 1. Catarrhal stage – most communicable stage Fever, watery eyes, frequent sneezing Watery nasal discharges dry cough at night 2. Paroxysmal stage Coughs worsens – becomes rapid, successive, paroxysmal 3 to 10x during expiration with prolonged inspiratory phase. Force of coughing may cause involuntary micturation/defacation The whoop follows the end of a series of short explosive cough with no time to catch a bread between cough. Protrusion of eyeballs, protruded tongue. Swollen head & neck veins. Abdominal hernia Vomiting signals end attack. 3. Convalescence stage – Symptoms subsides, frequency of paroxysmal attacks are reduced. Diagnostic Exam: Cough plate – Bordet Genghou agar plate Treatment: Erythromycin Ampicillin Antitusive (Pertix) Sinecod (new generation) Nursing Care: CBR Provide quiet & non-stimulating room Proper positioning during attacks Abdominal binders- Used in Infants to prevent abdominal hernia. Keep pt warm & out of drafts or wind Mouth & nose must be kept clean Light but nutritious diet with plenty of fruit juices but no seasoned foods. O2 inhalation Avoid factors that precipitate on neck (huwag sundutin) Avoid emotional physical stress Avoid irritating fumes & gases Diet no spices Prevention: Avoid MOT Immunization – DPT Complication: Bronchopneumonia Hemorrhages Convulsion Hernia Severe malnutrition 
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| CORYZA, COMMON COLDS, ACUTE VIRAL RHINITIS Posted: 05 Jun 2010 12:45 PM PDT CORYZA Aka. Common Colds, Acute Viral Rhinitis Viral infection of the lining of the nose, sinuses, throat and large airways Produces coryza (profuse discharge form nostrils) Causative Agent: Adenovirus & Rhinovirus Modes of Transmission: droplet infection direct contact Signs and Symptoms: Preceded by feeling of burning & irritation in the nasopharynx Frequent sneezing, copious nasal discharge, teary eyes Diminished sense of taste, smell, hearing Cough, headache, malaise (tiredness) Later, nasal discharge become purulent Nursing Care: Rest Increase fluid intake Well balanced nutrition diet Warm saline gargle Cover nose and mouth when coughing, sneezing Prevention: Avoid MOT Frequent handwashing Proper disposal of oral and nasal discharges Disinfect eating and drinking utensils Avoid crowded places and contact with infected individuals Treatment: Symptomatic Vitamin C intake Increase fluids Complication: Children – otitis media, bronchopneumonia Adult – sinusitis 
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